Deciphering dysbiosis: Bacteriome and mycobiome imbalances in oral mucosal dysplasia and oral cancer

Abstract

Author(s): Mohammad Ali R Patel, Preeti Kale, Rajkumar Y Patel, Bhargav Kuchu, Mohammed Haneef, Jamalpur Karthik Raj, R. Samaran

The oral microbiome has emerged as a critical determinant in the pathogenesis of various oral diseases, including oral mucosal dysplasia and oral cancer. Dysbiosis, characterized by imbalances in the composition and function of the bacteriome and mycobiome, has been implicated in the initiation and progression of these conditions. This review aims to elucidate the intricate relationship between dysbiosis and oral mucosal dysplasia and cancer. We explore the alterations in bacterial and fungal communities associated with dysplastic lesions and malignant transformations within the oral cavity. Additionally, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which dysbiotic changes contribute to the development of oral neoplasms, including microbial-mediated inflammation, immune modulation, and carcinogenic metabolite production. Understanding the dynamics of bacteriome and mycobiome dysbiosis in oral diseases is essential for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to combat these conditions. By deciphering dysbiosis, we may pave the way for personalized approaches to oral cancer prevention and management, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

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