Retrospective analysis of pregnancy outcomes in women with systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract

Author(s): Amirali Salajegheh, Fatemeh Yazdi Yahyaabadi, Farzaneh Yazdi

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder associated with various pregnancy complications. Understanding the
relationship between SLE, serological markers, and pregnancy outcomes can improve maternal and neonatal care.

Methods: This retrospective study included 124 pregnant women diagnosed with SLE, with a mean age of 34.4 years ± 6.5 years. Data on demographic
details, comorbidities, SLE complications, seropositivity, and pregnancy outcomes were collected and analyzed. Statistical tests were performed to evaluate the association between seropositivity, disease activity markers, and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.
Results: The most common comorbidities among the participants were kidney stones (8.1%), hypertension (6.5%), and hypothyroidism (5.6%). Notable SLE
complications included lupus nephritis (18.5%) and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (17.7%). Pregnancy complications were miscarriage (40.3%),
preterm delivery (16.9%), and preeclampsia (7.2%). Neonatal complications included cardiac issues (2.4%) and neonatal death (2.4%). Significant associations were found between C3 and C4 positivity and neonatal death, and between anti-Ro antibody positivity and cardiac complications in neonates. Elevated ESR levels in mothers were also significantly associated with neonatal cardiac complications. In contrast, no significant association was found between antibody positivity and preterm birth, miscarriage, or preeclampsia.
Conclusion: The study highlights the critical role of specific serological markers and disease activity in influencing pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in SLE
patients. Enhanced preconception counseling and personalized monitoring during pregnancy can potentially mitigate risks and improve outcomes for both
mothers and neonates.

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