Expression of EPCAM as Cancer Stem Cell Marker in Breast Cancer Iraqi Women Carcinoma

Abstract

Author(s): Shalal M. Hussien1, Ali Q. Kadhim2, Zahraa K. Zaidan3 and Waleed H.Yousif1

According to mounting evidence, PC may arise from cancer stem
cells (CSCs), which are a distinct population of cancer cells with
features similar to those of stem cells. However, the CSCs that
spread the cancer cells and tumor that are resistant to medical
therapy may be distinct. CSCs have the capacity to naturally resist
medical treatment and cause tumor relapse. Breast cancer is made
up of a diverse range of tumors with different characteristics,
physiologies, and therapeutic approaches. A small glycosyl
phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-joined cell surface protein involved in cell
adhesion is called EPCAM. It resembles mucin. Enhancing clinical
outcomes and preventing the challenge of cancer will be made
possible by improving understanding of the processes behind cancer
resistance and the development of treatment approaches. Resistance
to chemotherapy. Age, grade, tumor size, histological type of tumor,
and clinical stage were among the clinicopathological variables that
were examined and revealed significant group differences. In this
study, sixty patients with breast cancer from Iraqi women were
included. They were divided into three groups: Group I, which
contained 20 newly diagnosed patients, Group II, which contained 20
relapsed patients who underwent chemotherapy and recovered later,
and Group III, which contained 20 patients who displayed resistance
or no response to chemotherapy. The percentages of
immunohistochemical expression on the basis of cell scoring data of
EPCAM positive cells for groups I (42,59%), II (64,68%), and III, with
a greater proportion reaching (77,89%) with significant (P 0.05)
variations between groups. Additionally, histopathological parameters
were examined, revealing various histopathological characteristics in
each group of the study, such as high necrosis and severe
hemorrhage. The tumor cells also extended to the right from the
luminal surface at the upper left to the muscular is propria at the lower
right, and there was a high degree of variability in the longitudinal
spaces of the tumor mass.
As a last thought, EPCAM marker might be used to target therapy of
breast cancer stem cells within the tumor tissue limiting the recurrence
of the tumor since they play a part in cancer resistance to
chemotherapy and relapsing of the illness.

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