Green Synthesis of platinum nanoparticle-based drugs for cancer therapy and drug delivery

Abstract

Author(s): Chandrapratap Dhimar, Lakhan Lal Kashyap, Monika Barsagade

Platinum-based chemotherapy agents, including cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, are extensively employed for the eradication of cancer. Nevertheless, the therapeutic use of platinum medicines is significantly restricted due to their adverse effects, including poor selectivity, elevated systemic toxicity, and the emergence of drug resistance. In recent years, significant breakthroughs in the fields of nanotechnology and chemical synthesis have led to notable success in the development of platinumbased anti-cancer medicines for cancer therapy. The utilization of botanical extracts in the production of diverse metal nanoparticles has garnered significant attention in recent times due to its straightforward, low-risk, sustainable, and economical approach. This study presents a straightforward and environmentally sustainable approach for the production of platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs) through the utilization of Nigella sativa (black cumin) seed extract as a reducing agent. The anticancer activities of the green Pt-NPs have been assessed through in vitro investigations. Following this, molecular modeling studies have been carried out in order to clarify the mechanistic actions of these nanoparticles (NPs) as potential agents for treating cancer. The biogenic Pt-NPs, which were produced using black cumin seed extract, were subjected to a comprehensive characterization process involving Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Based on the findings of TEM examination, it has been observed that PtNPs exhibited a spherical morphology and possessed a mean particle dimension of 3.51 ± 1.42 nm. In addition, it was observed that the Pt-NPs displayed notable cytotoxic effects on lung cancer (A549) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells, with IC50 values of 9.1±0.24 and 4.7±0.37 µg/mL, respectively.

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