Heart and blood vessels: Anatomical overview for diagnostics, radiology, and surgery with applications for detecting cancers and aneurysms

Abstract

Author(s): Heena Baria, Megha Jagga, Vijaysinh R. Patil, Shashikant Deepak, Yuvraj Parmar, Roopashree Rangaswamy

Objective: Study's proposal was to analyze the heart's anatomy and blood arteries for use in radiography, surgery, and diagnostics.

Material and Methods: The 18,686 individuals who underwent Coronary Angiography (CAG), 6 were found to have Arteria Lusoria (AL). In these scenarios, the subclavian arteries, which traverse superiorly and laterally towards the right side with the posterior mediastinum, originate as branches of the aortic arch. These include the Right Subclavian Artery (RSA), Left Subclavian Artery (LSA), Right and Left Common Carotid Artery (RCCA and LCCA), and Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery (ARSA). The complicated remodeling of the pair of branchial arches is often caused by a tear in the right ventral aorta near the sixth cervical intersegmental artery.

Result: Right radial access was tried in 4 scenarios, in three of which AL was diagnosed. One patient underwent a successful right transradial percutaneous coronary surgery, and all were successful. Coronary Angiography (CAG) and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) are safe and effective procedures for patients with AL when the right radical access is used. Chest X-ray and esophagography results are used together to determine the presence or absence of an arch abnormality. Often, it shows no symptoms. It results in Dysphagia lusoria, dyspnea, and persistent coughing when symptoms are present. Dysphagia lusoria treatment is recommended to relieve its symptoms and stop aneurysmal dilatation-related consequences.

Conclusion: It is important to distinguish between an AL and other disorders that present with weight loss, coughing, dysphagia, dyspnea, and pericardial pain. This might be also useful in oncology studies to understand which primary tumors metastasize to the heart and the most common routes of spread.

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