Prevalence of thyroid cancer among attendants of nuclear medicine department at oncology and nuclear medicine hospital in mosul city

Abstract

Author(s): Amina Nazar Abdulrazaq*, Ammar H. Yahia and Ahmed Sabah Mohammed Jamee

Thyroid Cancer (TC) is the most commonly diagnosed endocrine cancer worldwide. There are an estimated 1,660 new thyroid cancer diagnoses and 237 thyroid cancer deaths in Iraq by the end of 2020. The study aimed to describe the prevalence of thyroid cancer among attendants of Nuclear Medicine department at Oncology and Nuclear Medicine hospital in Mosul City. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted in the Nuclear Medicine Department at Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Hospital, Mosul, Iraq during six months from the first of January 2021 to the first of July 2021. A questionnaire form was specially prepared by the researcher, approved and modified by the supervisor, in order to collect all the relevant information related to the study. A total of 213 patients (175 females and 38 males) with mean age (41.6 ± 13.2) years diagnosed with thyroid cancer. The M: F ratio was 1:4.6. About 149(70%) were lived in urban regions, whereas 64(30%) were lived in rural areas. Only 7(3.3%) of patients had first degree and 6(2.8%) had second degree family history of thyroid diseases. The prevalence rate was 213/18000*100= 1.183%. Most of patients complained of neck lump or swelling in 134(62.9%). About 67/213 (31.5%) of patients presented with firm mass on examination. The mass rapidly increased in size in 25(11.7%) of patients. 44/213 (20.7%) of patients presented with palpable lymph nodes. About 71(33.3%) of patients shown marked hypoechogenicity on ultrasound, and 50(23.5%) were showed the presence of micro calcifications. Papillary TC was the most common type documented in 182(85.4%) of patients. The fourth and fifth decade of life are the prevalent age groups diagnosed with thyroid cancer? Females are still the predominant gender for thyroid cancer. The neck lump or swelling is considered as thyroid mass until proven otherwise. The rapidly increased in size firm mass with palpable lymph nodes is sign of thyroid cancer. The FNAB guide with neck ultrasound is empirical study to detecting thyroid cancer. Papillary TC is the most common type documented with localized disease.

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