Surgical therapeutic approaches to bladder cancer

Abstract

Author(s): Mohammed Fouzi Albadran, Safaa Gatea Mezban*, Kifah Hassan Jareh and Eman Badr Alfadli

Bladder cancer is the uncontrolled proliferation of bladder cells, causing the formation of heterogeneous lesions. It is ranked second after prostate cancer in men and it is the first genitourinary tract cancer in women. The study aimed to study the epidemiological and therapeutic surgical approaches to bladder cancer. A descriptive study concerning patients suffering from bladder cancer, in the period from January 2018 to December 2022. We screened records and registers from surgery, oncology, operating theatre, pathology, and outpatient clinics at the different study sites for data on patients with bladder cancer. Data collection began with the identification of the search for the corresponding files. We recorded 101 bladder tumours, representing 16.1% of all tumour types. There was a male predominance with 64 cases. The mean age of 55.8±18.8 years. About 65.3% of cases were smokers, 11.9% had a history of cancer, 54.5% were with comorbid histories, 6.9% were alcoholics, and 78.2% were educated. Furthermore, 10.9%, 15.8%, and 85.2% had history of schistosomiasis, cyst, and UTI respectively. Macroscopic hematuria was the most common reason for consultation with 77 cases (76.2%). Ninety-one cases had a history of surgery, 92 patients received RT and 100 patients received chemotherapy. The cystoscopy was carried out in 66 patients, urinary cytology was performed in 30 patients, IVU was made in 12 patients, a thoracoabdominal CT scan was done for 98 patients and 96 cases underwent Transurethral Resection of the Bladder (TURB). The most common histological type was TCC in 89 cases (88.1%). Thus, in total, conservative surgery was used in 101 patients, including TURB in 101 patients, partial cystectomy in 3 patients, and Ureterovesical reimplantation in 2 patients. In the radical surgery, 2 patients with vesiculocystoprostatectomy; 1 patient was treated by pelvectomy, and 1 had cystoprostatectomy. Urinary Diversion was performed in 4 patients. Surgery, chemotherapy coupled with radiotherapy plays an important role in the management of bladder cancer. TCC is the common histology type. Bladder cancer risk factors include old age smoking tobacco, recurrent UTI and schistosomiasis. Most of the patients present in advanced stages.

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