The relationship of p53, Bcl-2, sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate in leukemia patients

Abstract

Author(s): Hala F. Hassan, Safaa A. Faraj, Muthana I. Maleek, Zainulabdeen AL-Badri

Leukemia is a malignancy of the blood that occurs when a certain part of the life span of a blood cell, its division, or its precursor is improperly regulated. A large group of cells that develop from a single cell are formed once the cell begins to multiply uncontrollably. Cancers affecting the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and blood are referred to as "hematological malignancies. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), and lymphoma are all included. Lymphoma and myeloma In this classification, targeting different signaling pathways is a potential newer treatment for leukemia. The main naturally occurring base found in sphingolipids is sphingosine (SPH). It is a key component of sphingolipids, a group of lipids found in cell membranes that also includes the significant phospholipid sphingomyelin. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) is a signaling sphingolipids, also known as lysosphingolipid. Sphingosine-1-phosphate and sphingosine are highly expressed by leukemia cells. The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a protein that is made using the TP53 gene. This protein controls cell division by acting as a tumor suppressor, which means it prevents cells from proliferating and growing too quickly or in an uncontrolled manner. It has a positive interaction with the BCL2 protein, which controls whether a cell dies or survives by preventing an apoptotic kind of cell death. The BCL2 gene is located on chromosome 18, and numerous B-cell leukemias and lymphomas exhibit the transfer of the BCL-2 gene to another chromosome. The study was conducted on 80 individuals (40 participants and 40 controls). Result showed a highly significant difference at p≤0.05 of values of SPH (7.6), p53 (16), and BCL-2 (6.4) in patients when compared with controls values (3.9, 1.4, and 2.4) respectively except value of S1P increased in patients but not significant. Therefore can concluded the SPH increased with leukemia and led to development of leukemia because it associated as signaling for cell proliferation and increasing p53and BCL-2.

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